What is a file?

There are many different types of files you can use. For example, Microsoft Word documents, digital photos, digital music, and digital videos are all types of files. You might even think of a file as a digital version of a real-world thing you can interact with on your computer. When you use different applications, you'll often be viewing, creating, or editing files.

Files are usually represented by an icon. In the image below, you can see a few different types of files below the Recycle Bin on the desktop.

file icons in Windows 10

What is a folder?

Windows uses folders to help you organize files. You can put files inside a folder, just like you would put documents inside a real folder. In the image below, you can see some folders on the desktop.

folders in Windows 10

File Explorer

You can view and organize files and folders using a built-in application known as File Explorer (called Windows Explorer in Windows 7 and earlier versions).

To open File Explorer, click the File Explorer icon on the taskbar, or double-click any folder on your desktop. A new File Explorer window will appear. Now you're ready to start working with your files and folders.

File Explorer

From File Explorer, double-click a folder to open it. You can then see all of the files stored in that folder.

double-clicking a folder

Notice that you can also see the location of a folder in the address bar near the top of the window.

location of the folder in the address bar

To open a file:

There are two main ways to open a file:

  • Find the file on your computer and double-click it. This will open the file in its default application. In our example, we'll open a Microsoft Word document (Cover Letter.docx), which will open in Microsoft Word.
    open a file by double-clicking it
  • Open the application, then use the application to open the file. Once the application is open, you can go to the File menu at the top of the window and select Open.
    open the application

Moving and deleting files

As you begin using your computer, you will start to collect more and more files, which can make it more difficult to find the files you need. Fortunately, Windows allows you to move files to different folders and delete files you no longer use.

To move a file:

It's easy to move a file from one location to another. For example, you might have a file on the desktop that you want to move to your Documents folder.

  1. Click and drag the file to the desired location.
    moving a file
  2. Release the mouse. The file will appear in the new location. In this example, we have opened the folder to see the file in its new location.
    file appears in the new location

You can use this same technique to move an entire folder. Note that moving a folder will also move all of the files within that folder.

To create a new folder:

  1. Within File Explorer, locate and select the New folder button. You can also right-click where you want the folder to appear, then select New > Folder.
    new folder
  2. The new folder will appear. Type the desired name for the folder and press Enter. In our example, we'll call it School Documents.
    typing a new name for the folder
  3. The new folder will be created. You can now move files into this folder.

To rename a file or folder:

You can change the name of any file or folder. A unique name will make it easier to remember what type of information is saved in the file or folder.

  1. Click the file or folder, wait about one second, and click again. An editable text field will appear.
  2. Type the desired name on your keyboard and press Enter. The name will be changed.
    renaming a file

You can also right-click the folder and select Rename from the menu that appears.

right-click to rename

To delete a file or folder:

If you no longer need to use a file, you can delete it. When you delete a file, it is moved to the Recycle Bin. If you change your mind, you can move the file from the Recycle Bin back to its original location. If you're sure you want to permanently delete the file, you will need to empty the Recycle Bin.

  1. Click and drag the file to the Recycle Bin icon on the desktop. You can also click the file to select it and press the Deletekey on your keyboard.
    deleting a file
  2. To permanently delete the file, right-click the Recycle Bin icon and select Empty Recycle Bin. All files in the Recycle Bin will be permanently deleted.
    emptying the recycle bin

Note that deleting a folder will also delete all of the files within that folder.

Selecting multiple files

Now that you know the basics, here are a few tips to help you move your files even faster.

Selecting more than one file

There are a few ways to select more than one file at a time:

  • If you're viewing your files as icons, you can click and drag the mouse to draw a boxaround the files you want to select. When you're done, release the mouse; the files will be selected. You can now move, copy, or delete all of these files at the same time.
    selecting multiple files
  • To select specific files from a folder, press and hold the Controlkey on your keyboard, then click the files you want to select.
    selecting specific files
  • To select a group of files from a folder, click the first file, press and hold the Shiftkey on your keyboard, then click the last file. All of the files between the first and last ones will be selected.
    selecting a group of files

Selecting all files

If you want to select all files in a folder at the same time, open the folder in File Explorer and press Ctrl+A (press and hold the Control key on your keyboard, then press A). All of the files in the folder will be selected.

selecting all files

Ctrl+A is an example of a keyboard shortcut. We'll talk more about these in our lesson on Keyboard Shortcuts in Windows.

If working with files and folders feels a little tricky right now, don't worry! Like anything else, working with files and folders is largely a matter of practice. You'll start to feel more comfortable as you continue using your computer. In the next lesson, we'll talk about another important concept: how to find files on your computer that you can't easily locate.

Shortcuts

If you have a file or folder you use frequently, you can save time by creating a shortcut on the desktop. Instead of navigating to the file or folder each time you want to use it, you can simply double-click the shortcut to open it. A shortcut will have a small arrow in the lower-left corner of the icon.

Note that creating a shortcut does not create a duplicate copy of the folder; it's simply a way to access the folder more quickly. If you delete a shortcut, it will not delete the actual folder or the files it contains. Also note that copying a shortcut onto a flash drive will not work; if you want to bring a file with you, you'll need to navigate to the actual location of the file and copy it to the flash drive.

To create a shortcut:

  1. Locate and right-click the desired folder, then select Send to Desktop (create shortcut).
    creating a shortcut

  2. A shortcut to the folder will appear on the desktop. Notice the arrow in the lower-left corner of the icon. You can now double-click the shortcut to open the folder at any time.

    shortcut created